![]() She was brought up to detest France and French ideas. Marie Louise's formative years were during a period of conflict between France and her family. She was also a maternal granddaughter of Queen Maria Carolina of Naples, Marie Antoinette's favorite sister. Marie Louise was a great-granddaughter of Empress Maria Theresa through both her parents, as they were double first cousins. Her father became Holy Roman Emperor a year later as Francis II. She was named after her grandmother, Marie Louise, Holy Roman Empress. Marie Louise died in Parma in 1847.Īrchduchess Marie Louise of Austria (who was given the Latin baptismal name of Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia) was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna on 12 December 1791 to Archduke Francis of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. After Neipperg's death in 1829, she married Count Charles-René de Bombelles, her chamberlain, in 1834. Her second husband was Count Adam Albert von Neipperg (married 1821), an equerry she met in 1814. Marie Louise married morganatically twice after Napoleon's death in 1821. The 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau gave the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Marie Louise, who ruled the duchies until her death. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in the War of the Sixth Coalition, which ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to Elba. Napoleon's fortunes changed dramatically in 1812 after his failed invasion of Russia. With Napoleon, she bore a son, styled the King of Rome at birth, later Duke of Reichstadt, who briefly succeeded him as Napoleon II. Marie Louise agreed to the marriage despite being raised to despise France. The end of the War of the Fifth Coalition resulted in the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise in 1810, which ushered in a brief period of peace and friendship between Austria and the French Empire. A series of military defeats at the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte had inflicted a heavy human toll on Austria and led Francis to dissolve the Holy Roman Empire. She was Napoleon's second wife and as such Empress of the French and Queen of Italy from their marriage on 1 April 1810 until his abdication on 6 April 1814.Īs the eldest child of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Emperor of Austria, and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Marie Louise grew up during a period marked by ongoing and unceasing conflict between Austria and revolutionary France. Marie Louise (12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 11 April 1814 until her death. Italian: Maria Luigia Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia German: Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Luciaįrench: Marie-Louise-Léopoldine-Françoise-Thérèse-Josèphe-Lucie William Albert, 1st Prince of Montenuovo.
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